![]() ![]() Each new generation of beetles must find their symbiotic fungi and carry them to a new host tree. ![]() The fungi are ectosymbionts, symbiotic partners that live outside the beetles. Spruce bark beetles need fungal allies to successfully reproduce in the trees. Spruce trees whose defenses are already weakened by stresses are more readily overcome.īark beetles like the odor of their symbiotic fungi These pheromones attract conspecifics in the vicinity to join a mass attack that overcomes the tree's defenses. Beetles first choose a suitable tree and then emit so-called aggregation pheromones. Researchers have already known that chemical communication plays an important role in bark beetle mass attacks. In the Thuringian Forest and the Harz Mountains, for example, the beetle, which is only a few millimeters long, encountered spruce monocultures that had already been weakened by high temperatures and extended periods of drought, which facilitated the spread of the pest and led to the death of huge forest stands within a short period of time. One of the main pests is the European spruce beetle Ips typographus. The damaged timber felled due to insect damage amounted to more than 40 million cubic meters. As reported by the Federal Statistical Office in July 2022, more than 80% of the trees that had to be felled in the previous year were damaged by insects. ![]() The mass outbreaks of bark beetles observed in recent years have caused shocking amounts of forest damage throughout Germany. The study highlights the importance of chemical communication in maintaining symbiosis between bark beetles and their fungal partners. The fungal metabolites likely provide important clues to the beetles about the presence of beneficial fungi, the defense status of the trees, and the population density of their conspecifics. The researchers also show that the insects have olfactory sensory neurons specialized for detecting these volatile compounds. I got the SCk instead and I’m very happy with it! Tint is alright, maybe a bit green on lower outputs.1 2 Symbiotic fungi transform terpenes from spruce resin into attractants for bark beetles When metabolizing spruce bark, the insect's fungal partners release volatile compounds that bark beetles recognize through specialized olfactory sensory neurons Date: FebruSource: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Summary: An international research team demonstrates that the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) uses volatile fungal metabolites of plant defense substances as important chemical signals in their attack on spruce trees. It all started with the SP33V3 but I wanted it in 5000k, we’re now 3+ months later and I don’t think they’ll get them back any time soon. I’ve got a few 5000k lights but that’s sometimes just a bit too “white” to have a nice contrast between leaves for example.īy now I’ve got my fair share of Sofirn lights. Main requirments: durable, waterproof, usb charging, portable.įor outdoor/nature use I’d recommend a 4000k light. Do you have other recommendations (maybe Convoy, Lumintop, Skillhunt or other Sofirn/Astrolux)? I found that there is problem with availability 5000k version of Sofirn so I would propably get 6500k if it’s good choice. I found that Astrolux FT03 Mini looks also great but propably is not as portable as other two, looks bigger. After reading reviews and recommendations I found that the best choice could be Sofirn SP33 V3 with XTP50.2, Astrolux EC01 with XTP50.2 (can’t find on Aliexpress or Banggod this version) or Sofirn IF25A with 4x SST20. I was thinking about XTP50.2 and SST40 but I think that the first one is more practice for my use (walking, camping, nothing special). I would like to go for higher level PORTABLE flashlight and I’m looking for something new, best in budget. I’m using 2x Convoy S2+, one standard for daily use and one with 15*60* for bike from few years.
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